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<title>Domain knowledge</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Domain knowledge</span></span>

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<p><b>Domain knowledge</b> is <a href="Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> of a specific discipline or field in contrast to <a href="General_knowledge" title="General knowledge">general</a> (or domain-independent) knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is often used in reference to a more general discipline—for example, in describing a software engineer who has general knowledge of computer programming as well as domain knowledge about developing programs for a particular industry. People with domain knowledge are often regarded as <a href="Domain_expert" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain expert">specialists or experts</a> in their field.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knowledge_capture">Knowledge capture</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <i>domain knowledge</i> is knowledge about the environment in which the target system operates, for example, <a href="Software_agent" title="Software agent">software agents</a>. Domain knowledge usually must be learned from software users in the domain (as domain specialists/experts), rather than from software developers. It may include user workflows, data pipelines, business policies, configurations and constraints and is crucial in the development of a software application. Expert domain knowledge (frequently informal and ill-structured) is transformed in computer programs and active data, for example in a set of rules in knowledge bases, by <a href="Knowledge_engineer" title="Knowledge engineer">knowledge engineers</a>.

</p><p>Communicating between end-users and software developers is often difficult. They must find a common language to communicate in. Developing enough shared vocabulary to communicate can often take a while.

</p><p>The same knowledge can be included in different domain knowledge. Knowledge which may be applicable across a number of domains is called <i>domain-independent</i> knowledge, for example <a href="Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> and mathematics. Operations on domain knowledge are performed by <a href="Metaknowledge" title="Metaknowledge">metaknowledge</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain_(software_engineering)" title="Domain (software engineering)">Domain (software engineering)</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain_engineering" title="Domain engineering">Domain engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain_of_discourse" title="Domain of discourse">Domain of discourse</a></li>

<li><a href="Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology (information science)</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_engineering" title="Knowledge engineering">Knowledge engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Subject-matter_expert" title="Subject-matter expert">Subject-matter expert</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div>

<ul><li>Hjørland, B. & Albrechtsen, H. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199507)46:6%3C400::AID-ASI2%3E3.0.CO;2-Y">Toward A New Horizon in Information Science: Domain Analysis</a>. <i>Journal of the American Society for Information Science</i>, 1995, 46(6), p. 400–425.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBohle_CarbonellStalmeijerKöningsSegers2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bohle Carbonell, Katerina; Stalmeijer, Renée E.; Könings, Karen D.; Segers, Mien; van Merriënboer, Jeroen J. G. (2014-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/files/73014428/merrienboer_2014_how_experts_deal_with_novel.pdf">"How experts deal with novel situations: A review of adaptive expertise"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Educational Research Review</i>. <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">14–</span>29. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.edurev.2014.03.001">10.1016/j.edurev.2014.03.001</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1747-938X">1747-938X</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSimonsmeierFlaigDeiglmayrSchalk2022" class="citation journal cs1">Simonsmeier, Bianca A.; Flaig, Maja; Deiglmayr, Anne; Schalk, Lennart; Schneider, Michael (2022-01-02). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00461520.2021.1939700">"Domain-specific prior knowledge and learning: A meta-analysis"</a></span>. <i>Educational Psychologist</i>. <b>57</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">31–</span>54. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00461520.2021.1939700">10.1080/00461520.2021.1939700</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0046-1520">0046-1520</a>.</cite></span>

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